Electric-arc lamp



3 Sheets Sheet 1.

(ANO Model.)

J. A. HAYES. ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

Patented Oet. l1, 1892.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

J. A.. HAYES. B LBGTRIG ARG LAMP.

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J. A. HAYES.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

No. 484,199. Patented Oct. 11, 1892.

www BY H/.r HrraRA/Ey me "aux: refus co., morurno., wAsmNnroN D c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOEL A. HAYES, OF CARSON CITY, NEVADA.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,199, dated Octobel` 11, 1892.

Application filed June 27, 1891. Serial No. 397,7202. (No modeld To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOEL A. HAYES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Carson City, county of Ormsby, and State of Nevada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, (Case No. 3,) of which the following is a specitieation.

My invention relates to that class of arc lamps in which mechanism is provided for the automatic feed of both carbons.

The object of the invention is to provide such improved mechanical construction that this class of lamp may be as commercially Valuable as that in which only one carbon is fed, the advantage of the former cla-ss being that it serves not only for ordinary uses, but also for locomotive or magic-lantern or similar lamps where the light is to be focused.

The details are set forth in the accompanying drawings.

Figure l is a vertical section of the lamp with some unessential parts broken out. Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. l, except that only parts of the lamp are in section. Figs. 3, 1i, 5, 6, and 7 are exterior views of certain details. Figs. 3, a, and 5 are dierent views of the pair of pulleys and their bearings at the upper portion of the lamp, the pulleys being omitted in Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is a view, looking up, of the conical casing which closes up the lower end of the cylindrical casing around the operating-solenoid. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the said conical casing and the framework of the lower-carbon holder connected therewith. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the cutout device, and Fig. 11 is one of the details of said device.

M is a differentially-wound electro-magnet of the solenoid type, having pole-pieces p, magnetically joined together by iron uprghts M', exterior to the solenoid. The interior of the solenoid is lined with a tube m, of diamagnetic substance, screwed at opposite ends into the pole-pieces p.

M is a hollow iron core fitting loosely in the solenoid and provided on the lower end with a projection G at right angles to the core.

gis a guide-rod which is suspended from the lower pole-pieceand passesloosely through a projection C" on the core M opposite the projection G. The main coil of the solenoid is l\ "and the shunt-coil l\y On opposite sides of the lower end of the core M are slotted projections c, across slots of which are pins c', which pass through slots 0 in links L. The links hang toward and carry by pivotjoints semi-ring friction-clutches A", which are linked together by links L.

rThe projections c, as seen in Fig. 7, are each about midway between those lettered G and C". The clutches A are pivoted to the links L by pins 0. The clutches tighten upon the carbon when the former are entirely or partially lifted from the seat formed by the nut Nl and bushing N.

The upperorpositive carbon @passes th rough the hollow core M, the upper end of the carbon being mechanically and flexibly connected to the lowerend of the lower or negative carbon by a dat link chain, which is separated electrically into two sectionsff by the interposition of the insulating-cord I. The chains ff are substantially equal in length; but the upper one is considerably heavier than the lower. It is made nearly twice as wide, as noticed in Fig. 2, where the provision is made of having the lower pulleys 10, wm", and w narrower than the pulleys w', w, and 10". The formerpulleys serve to guide the lower chain from a downward motion to an upward motion, while the latter produce the reverse effect upon the upper chain. The exact relative weights of the two chains cannot be stated for all cases, as they depend upon the size of carbons. The consumption of the positive carbon being nearly double that of the negative carbon, the relative weights of the chains should be such that the carbons are substantially balanced at any stage of the operation of the lamp. If the chains were equal in weight, like a single chain having uniform weight throughout its length, there would be no compensation made for the extra loss of the positive carbon over that of the lower. Then the carbons are of maximum length or new, the preponderance in weight of the upper carbon would be much too great, and when nearly consumed too small; but with two chains, as described, the. carbons are substantially balanced, taking but a small force to feed them. Taking the highest point of the chain f before it turns over the highest pulley to', and the upper chain f having an IOO excess in weight over that of the lower-,chain f equal to the excess of Weight of the two carbons, it is evident that the two carbons at the beginning should be about as one to two, by weight, and that the chains should be about as one to two, by weight, in favor of the positive carbon and chainf. This chain terminates in a clamp d, which grasps the upper end of the upper carbon. A

Tis a tubular support passing through and fastened to the upper pole-piece p and having its longitudinal axis coincident with that of the solenoid ll and having at its upper end bearings T.

T isthe arbor of the pulley u". After the chain leaves the tube T it passes overthis pulley w and then underpulley w and over pulley w", both of which are carried upon bearings t, which rise up from the small baseplate D', properly insulated from and supported upon the upper pole-pieeep. The bearings t lean over from the vertical toward the axis of the solenoid, sothatthe chainf may be fed from the upward central motion to the downward motion outside the solenoid M. The heavy black in each case represents insulation for the purpose of preventing leakage, short circuits, tbc., of the electric current.

Il is an inverted conical shell closing the casing Il and has openings provided with sliding doors, which are a portion of an inner sliding conical shutter H. Ones hands can be inserted through the openings for the purpose of attending to adjustment, cleaning', renewing carbons, tbc. The cone ll is integral with the tube F, which forms a passage for the chainsj'f and supports the lower-carbon framework.

The tube F is bent at. right angles at the lower end to the projection of the axis of the solenoid M and then upward, so as to form a tube m for the passage of the lowercarbon e. The lower portion of the shell H carries a bushing N, separated from the shell by insulation. The upper carbon passes through this bushing, which is held to the shell by the nut N. The tube connecting the lower end of tube F with tube mis lettered m and carries two guide-pulleys wfw, the chain f passing under one and over the other, so as to be guided. It then passes under and supports a pulley wm and terminates by being' fixed to the side of the tube m. The axis of the pulley w is perpendicular to that of the lower carbon and the bearing lV, carrying the lower-carbon holder d, the same being a clamp which is attached to said bearing. d are th umh-screws for tightening and loosening the clamps CZ and d.

The means for automatically cutting out the lamp is described thus: The projection G is tapered, the narrower portion being at the lower edge. The tapered sides when the lamp is ready for use or just after it has been cut out are in contact with terminal brushes Zn, which connect, respectively, with the termin als -of the resistance-coil b.

The cut-out device is operated by the projection G, fixed to the lower end of the plunger M. The two contact-springs b are secured to, but insulated from, the body of the lamp. One spring is connected to the binding-post P and the other to the resistance D. The other end of the resistance is connected to the outer end of the coil ll The plug for the springs is the wedge-shaped projection C, which extends from the lower end of the core. lVhen the current is first turned on,the wedge-shaped projection, resting between the two springs, is elevated before the separating of the carbons, because the current passes through the coil M", owing to thel greater resistance of the cut-out device. The plunger M rises until the are is established, when it falls under the control of the other coil M, rising and falling with a movement almost imperceptil'ile until the carbons are consumed. The arc then increases in length and the plunger falls, pressing the wedgeshaped projection C between the springs l), thus cutting' out the lamp without opening the circuit.

It is unnecessary to go into a description of the electric circuits and electrical connections of the lamp, as my invention relates to the mechanical construetion,the circuits and electrical connections being substantially as in other lamps.

Referring particularly to Fig. l1, the contact brushes b are not only insulated from each other but from the body F of the lamp by insulation F. Fig. l2 shows a round insulating-bushing .fr inserted in the edge of the lower head of the magnet and serving to insulate the binding-post P. It also insulates the two wires leading to the contactbrushes, one brush being in contact with and connected to the binding -post P and the other brush to the other end of the resistanceeoil b, the upper end of whichis connected to the outer end of the helix M".

The operation is described as follows: The lamp should be in a vertical position, as shown in the drawings, made so by suspending the same from a cord. The current being switched on, the core, with its V-shaped projection G resting between the two contact-springs l), rises clear of the same before separating the carbons, for the greater cu rrent passes th ro ugh the main coil of the solenoid, owing to the greater resistance of the coil which is in circuit with the brushes. The core rises until the arc is established, when it falls again under the iniiuenee of the solenoid. When the carbons are consumed, the arc lengthens so much as to cease, thereby cutting olf the current of the solenoid. rlhe core M falls and the lamp is cut out. rlhe upper and lower carbons become lighter in weight. More and more of the wider upper chain f passes over the pulley w', making up for the loss of weight of the upper carbon. The lower chain f between the pulleys w" and 10 becomes at the same time lighter and lighter, because IOO IIO

less and less of the heavy chain f exists there and more and more of the light chain f. The motions of the carbons are imperceptible and the arc of exceedingly-constant brilliancy, the regulation of the movements of the carbons by fluctuations of the current being effected by the clutch above described. This clutch, although different in construction from the ordinary clutch, acts upon the same principle of variation of friction between the same and the carbon.

I claim as my inventionl. An are lamp consisting of the combination of upper and lower carbon holders or carbons, upper andlower friction andguidingpulleys, a ligature connecting said carbons and passing upon said pulleys, a hollow core carrying a wedge-shaped projection and inclosing and surrounding a portion of the upper carbon and forming the passage-way therefor, springs b, lyingin the path of said projection andnormally touching the same, two coils for the said core of different resistances and a resistance-coil b in circuit with said springs and in shunt with the Coil of higher resistance, the coil of higher resistance being in shunt to the carbons ot' the lamp.

2. An arc lamp consisting of the combination of a solenoid, a core therefor, a carbon balanced in said core, which is hollow, lugs projecting from the lower end of the core, a clutch for the carbon and suspended from the lugs through the medium of links L, provided with slots, through which pass pins carried on the lugs, a projection C, also on the lower end of the core, springs b in the path of the projection and forming the terminals of an electric circuit, a lug projecting from the base of said solenoid and carrying said springs, which are insulated from said lug, a guide-rod extending downward from the said base and passing through a projection on the lower partof said core, the said clutch consisting of semicircular rings having slots in their ends and lugs on their outer sides, the links L being pivoted to said lugs, and links L', connecting the semicircular rings and fitting and pivoted in said slots.

3. An arc lamp consisting of the combination of a solenoid and hollow core therefor, an upper carbon movable in said core, a pulley at the top of the solenoid, having its periphery as to one point lying in the axis of said core, a second pulley, one point in whose periphery lies in a tangent to the first pulley and located below the other in such a manner that said tangent is vertical, a third pulley a little to one side of the second and lower, but all three pulleys being located above the said solenoid, alower carbon, a pulley below the same, two otherpulleys-namely, the fifth and sixth-whose axes are in a horizontal plane and are nearer the lower than `the upper carbon, a clamp for the upper carbon, a chain connected to the clamp and passing over the top of the first pulley, under the second, and on top of the third, an insulatingcord connecting the free end to a second chain heavier than the first, passing under the sixth, over the fifth, and under the fourth, and then to a fixed point, and a frame carrying both the lower carbon and the fourth pulley.

4. In an arc lamp, the combination, with a casing surrounding the solenoid, of a conical casing terminatingthe same, surrounding the upper carbon, and provided with holes covered by an inner sliding conical shutter, for the purpose described.

5. In an arc lamp, the combination, with a casing surrounding the solenoid, of the conical casing terminating the same, surrounding the upper carbon, and provided with holes covered by an inner sliding conical shutter, for the purpose described, and atube projecting downward from the said conical easing and supporting the lower-carbon holder.

6. In an arc lamp, the combination of a solenoid, a core therefor, a V-shaped projection on the lower end thereof between two electric terminals, a second projection on the said end of the core opposite the first pro jection and provided with a hole, and a guiderod extending downward from said solenoid and passing through said hole, and additional projections c upon said core, to which are pivoted links, and semicircular friction-clutches suspended upon said links, pressing upon the carbon of the lamp, and linked together by links L.

7. In an arc lamp, the combination of a solenoid, a core therefor, to which are pivoted links, and semicircular friction-clutches suspended upon said links, pressing upon the carbon of the lamp, and linked together by links L.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two witnesses, this 15th day of June, 1891.

J. A. HAYES.

Witnesses:

FRANK HELM, CLARLEs CLAYTON.

ICO 

